O chefe da Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC), Roberto Azevêdo, anunciou nesta quinta-feira (14) que deixará o seu cargo na organização no próximo dia 31 de agosto.
“Em agosto, completarei sete anos como diretor-geral da OMC. E decidi que deixarei o cargo em 31 de agosto, encerrando meu segundo mandato exatamente um ano antes do previsto“, disse Azevêdo.
Azevêdo, de 62 anos, assumiu o cargo de diretor-geral da OMC em 2013 e está em seu segundo mandato, que deveria ser concluído no final de agosto de 2021.
Leia mais:No início do comunicado, o diretor afirma que a decisão foi pessoal e não envolve questões de saúde e nem motivações políticas.
“Entre o isolamento e minha recente cirurgia no joelho, tive mais tempo do que o habitual para refletir. E cheguei a essa decisão somente após longas discussões com minha família – minha esposa aqui em Genebra, minhas filhas e minha mãe em Brasília. É uma decisão pessoal – uma decisão familiar – e estou convencido de que esta decisão serve os melhores interesses desta Organização”,
“Eu também quero ser claro sobre o que não é: não está relacionado à saúde (graças a Deus). Também não estou buscando oportunidades políticas”, ressaltou.
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Ele convocou uma reunião virtual para informar membros nacionais nesta quinta-feira à tarde sobre sua decisão de sair antes do final do mandato.
A saída dele acontece em um momento importante para o órgão de 25 anos, que viu seu papel na resolução de disputas ser afetado depois que seu Conselho de Apelação foi paralisado, em dezembro, por uma decisão dos Estados Unidos de bloquear a indicação de juízes.
A OMC, que tem o objetivo de determinar regras globais de comércio, não produziu nenhum grande acordo internacional desde que abandonou a “Rodada de Doha” em 2015.
Seus membros estão negociando um acordo para reduzir subsídios à pesca buscando permitir uma retomada dos estoques de peixes, enquanto um grupo menor está discutindo um possível acordo sobre e-commerce. Entretanto, persistem importantes diferenças e os grupos estão longe de um consenso necessário para fechar ambos os acordos.
Alguns membros, destacadamente os EUA, Japão e União Europeia, pressionam por reformas mais fundamentais. Eles dizem que as regras comerciais globais precisam refletir novas realidades, como uma China mais forte, e lidar com problemas como subsídios estatais e transferências forçadas de tecnologia.
OMC é ‘horrível’, diz Trump
Pouco após o pronunciamento de Azevêdo, o presidente dos Estados Unidos, Donald Trump, se pronunciou sobre o assunto. Trump afirmou estar “ok com isso”, e reclamou da atuação do órgão.
“A Organização Mundial do Comércio é horrível”, afirmou. “Nos trataram muito mal. Tenho dito isso há muito tempo”, reclamou. “O mundo, eles tratam a China como um país em desenvolvimento. Assim a China recebe vários benefícios que os Estados Unidos não recebem, ele têm outros países que são nações em desenvolvimento, e as pessoas sentadas no Salão Oval (a sala do presidente na Casa Branca) nunca deveriam ter deixado isso acontecer“.
Veja a íntegra do pronunciamento, em inglês
Good afternoon, everybody.
Thank you for joining this meeting on short notice, ahead of tomorrow’s special virtual General Council.
This session is about one very specific administrative arrangement. I have an announcement to make. This August, I will complete 7 years as WTO Director General. And I have decided that I will step down from my current position on 31 August 2020, cutting short my second term in office by exactly one year.
Many of you will have seen the news reports about my decision. It was not my intention for you to hear it from the press before you heard it from me – but unfortunately it has worked out that way.
This is a decision that I do not take lightly. Between the lockdown and my recent knee surgery, I have had more time than usual for reflection. And I reached this decision only after long discussions with my family – my wife here in Geneva, and my daughters and my mother in Brasilia. It is a personal decision – a family decision – and I am convinced that this decision serves the best interests of this Organization.
I also want to be clear about what this is not: it is not health-related (thank goodness). Nor am I pursuing any political opportunities. I hope the future holds new challenges in store, but as of right now, I do not know what they will be.
Regardless of how fulfilling these last 7 years have been for me, I must now end this cycle. As members start to shape the WTO’s agenda for the new post-COVID realities, they should do so with a new Director-General.
It is not easy for me to say this. The multilateral trading system has been at the centre of my career since I was first posted here in 1997. Since then, I have been working in the system, with the system, and for the system. A big chunk of my life, 23 years, has been dedicated to the system, and I have been grateful for this opportunity. My tenure as WTO Director-General has been the most demanding, exciting and gratifying period in my professional life. I have learned a great deal. And I believe that I have been able to contribute to maintaining the WTO as a key pillar of global economic governance amid challenging times for multilateral cooperation.
Together, we learned to be creative, innovative and pragmatic. We delivered the Trade Facilitation Agreement, the expansion of the Information Technology Agreement, and decisions on food security. We enabled agricultural export subsidies, and enabled more goods and services exports from least developed countries. Groups of like-minded members have found ways to advance discussions on critical issues while protecting the right of other members to opt in or out.
And behind all this work, I want to pay special tribute to the staff of the WTO Secretariat. Working with such a professional and dedicated group of people has been one of the real highlights of my time here.
Yet while we have achieved a great deal, much more remains to be done. We have set ourselves ambitious and transformative goals for MC12 and for WTO reform. And now we must ensure that trade contributes to the global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.
But I will not be the leader with whom you will chart and walk the strategic path ahead.
challenges ahead and the need for proper planning
The challenges facing the work of this Organization will always be formidable – commensurate with its relevance and role as an anchor of predictability and certainty in a fast-changing global economy.
In addition to ongoing work and negotiations, we must also consider what we need to advance the wider discussions around WTO reform. This ongoing process of pragmatic change is something we have discussed often over the years.
We know that the WTO cannot stand frozen while the world around it changes profoundly. Ensuring that the WTO continues to be able to respond to members’ needs and priorities is an imperative, not an option. The “new normal” that emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic will have to be reflected in our work here.
True and meaningful reform is a long-term task. We have had some success in starting to do things differently, but it will take time and commitment from Members to keep building paths forward. While I am convinced we have set out in the right direction, the road ahead will entail consequential choices and deep reflection.
MC12 will be a critical landmark for this exercise.
As I see it, MC12 should be a stepping-stone to the future of the WTO. It should tie together our various ongoing efforts in a coherent approach, and lay the foundations for subsequent reform. This means that MC12 will require careful preparation and execution from you, the members.
My departure in August will give you the time you need to work with my successor – whoever she or he may be – to shape the strategic direction for MC12 and the months and years that follow.
mc12 and the DG selection process
As things stand today, our next Ministerial Conference will take place either in the middle of 2021or at the end of that year. We have an offer from Kazakhstan to host a June meeting, and there is a real possibility that this scenario will prevail.
In our normal calendar, the selection process for the next WTO DG would start this December, with the nomination of candidates. The selection process would then dominate the first trimester of 2021 – and maybe longer. I don’t have to remind you how intense that process is.
This timing would clearly impair preparatory work for MC12, irrespective of whether it is held in the northern summer or at the end of the year.
In either case, the selection process would be a distraction from – or worse, a disruption to – our desired outcomes. Instead of focusing all efforts on the search for compromise – on finding flexibility and making concessions – we would be spending valuable time on a politically charged process that has proved divisive in the past.
For a mid-year ministerial, the selection process would overlap with the most intensive phase of pre-ministerial preparations, making it highly prone to compromise the planning and execution of MC12.
Even if MC12 is held at the end of 2021, staying on through the end of my term would leave my successor mere weeks to prepare. I faced this situation when I first took office and I can tell you, first hand, that this is far from ideal. It might work if we are having a tightly focused ministerial centred on a small number of issues, such as trade facilitation and public stockholding in 2013. But given the far-reaching implications of the choices you will make at MC12, and the wide range of issues likely to be before you there, I believe you and your stakeholders deserve more ambition.
We must decouple these two processes: the DG succession process and the preparation of MC12. Doing both would inevitably compromise MC12 and the reform impetus. I care too much for this Organization to allow this to happen.
My departure and the timing of the selection process
These considerations on timing were on my mind as I considered my decision to step down. And my conclusion is that the sooner I allow you to proceed with the selection process, the better off we will be.
As we have seen, I think we must give my successor sufficient time to plan, together with you, the path not only for MC12, but for how that Conference fits into your plans for the future of the Organization. This is not a minor task by any standard. This requires careful deliberation – and sufficient time to advance such discussions. The earlier the new DG takes office the better.
Second, the pandemic has significantly slowed down many of our activities. Physical meetings remain suspended. Many of you have also advised against trying to advance negotiations for the time being. Even if conditions in Geneva improve, it is quite likely that many capitals and governments would be under duress in the months to come.
This offers us a window to launch the selection process with less impact than usual on our work. Members should seize this moment to start deliberating on how to effect the change in leadership at the WTO.
Conclusion
Again, my decision was reached after long and hard reflection, and much discussion with my family.
For the reasons I have outlined, I believe that it would be best if members promptly move ahead with the process for selecting the next Director General.
The procedures for the DG selection process adopted by Members in 2002 state that in the event of a vacancy, “the Chair of the General Council shall initiate, as soon as possible, a process for appointment of a new Director-General.” I am and will continue to be in close contact with the Chairman of the General Council and with all of you to facilitate this process however you deem necessary.
I urge you not to treat the process of selecting the next DG as business as usual. This Organization must start 2021 with a focus on the real challenges: ensuring that the multilateral trading system responds to new economic realities, above all the post-COVID recovery. It cannot afford to be distracted by a protracted search for a new DG.
I will be with you, working to improve and strengthen this Organization until my last day in office – and beyond, for wherever I am, like my predecessors, I will always be advocating for this system, for the WTO.
The WTO may not be perfect, but it is indispensable all the same. It is what keeps us from a world where the law of the jungle prevails, at least as far as trade is concerned.
I am proud of our work and it has been a true privilege working with each and every one of you: both those who are here today and your predecessors as well.
It is not my intention to have a proper discussion today. I just wanted to share this information with you. And let me be clear that tomorrow’s General Council is also not at all about this. We will be having a very important discussion about the COVID-related issues identified by the Chair, and you should use every second of your allotted five minutes for this purpose.
As I have said, I will still be with you for the next few months. It is time to roll up our sleeves and set out to find a leader worthy of you, our stakeholders and the multilateral trading system.
I will now open the floor in case anyone wishes to say something. As I have said, I don’t expect a proper discussion today – we’ll have plenty of time for this. The General Council Chair will be reaching out to you very soon to consult on the way forward. So if you do ask for the floor, please be very brief.
Thank you.